| | | | | | | | | |
| C |
| Commercial service exports (current US$) | Commercial service exports are total service exports minus exports of government services not included elsewhere. International transactions in services are defined by the IMF's Balance of Payments Manual (1993) as the economic output of intangible commodities that may be produced, transferred, and consumed at the same time. Definitions may vary among reporting economies. | International Monetary Fund, Balance of Payments Statistics Yearbook and data files. | Private Sector & Trade: Exports | | Annual | Trade in services differs from trade in goods because services are produced and consumed at the same time. Thus services to a traveler may be consumed in the producing country (for example, use of a hotel room) but are classified as imports of the traveler's country. In other cases services may be supplied from a remote location; for example, insurance services may be supplied from one location and consumed in another. | | | Jan-10-2020 |
| Commercial service imports (current US$) | Commercial service imports are total service imports minus imports of government services not included elsewhere. International transactions in services are defined by the IMF's Balance of Payments Manual (1993) as the economic output of intangible commodities that may be produced, transferred, and consumed at the same time. Definitions may vary among reporting economies. | International Monetary Fund, Balance of Payments Statistics Yearbook and data files. | Private Sector & Trade: Imports | | Annual | Trade in services differs from trade in goods because services are produced and consumed at the same time. Thus services to a traveler may be consumed in the producing country (for example, use of a hotel room) but are classified as imports of the traveler's country. In other cases services may be supplied from a remote location; for example, insurance services may be supplied from one location and consumed in another. | | | Jan-10-2020 |
| Communications, computer, etc. (% of service imports, BoP) | Communications, computer, information, and other services cover international telecommunications; computer data; news-related service transactions between residents and nonresidents; construction services; royalties and license fees; miscellaneous business, professional, and technical services; personal, cultural, and recreational services; manufacturing services on physical inputs owned by others; and maintenance and repair services and government services not included elsewhere. | International Monetary Fund, Balance of Payments Statistics Yearbook and data files. | Economic Policy & Debt: Balance of payments: Current account: Goods, services & income | | Annual | | | | Jan-10-2020 |
| Computer, communications and other services (% of commercial service exports) | Computer, communications and other services (% of commercial service exports) include such activities as international telecommunications, and postal and courier services; computer data; news-related service transactions between residents and nonresidents; construction services; royalties and license fees; miscellaneous business, professional, and technical services; and personal, cultural, and recreational services. | International Monetary Fund, Balance of Payments Statistics Yearbook and data files. | Private Sector & Trade: Exports | | Annual | Trade in services differs from trade in goods because services are produced and consumed at the same time. Thus services to a traveler may be consumed in the producing country (for example, use of a hotel room) but are classified as imports of the traveler's country. In other cases services may be supplied from a remote location; for example, insurance services may be supplied from one location and consumed in another. | | | Jan-10-2020 |
| Computer, communications and other services (% of commercial service imports) | Computer, communications and other services (% of commercial service imports) include such activities as international telecommunications, and postal and courier services; computer data; news-related service transactions between residents and nonresidents; construction services; royalties and license fees; miscellaneous business, professional, and technical services; and personal, cultural, and recreational services. | International Monetary Fund, Balance of Payments Statistics Yearbook and data files. | Private Sector & Trade: Imports | | Annual | Trade in services differs from trade in goods because services are produced and consumed at the same time. Thus services to a traveler may be consumed in the producing country (for example, use of a hotel room) but are classified as imports of the traveler's country. In other cases services may be supplied from a remote location; for example, insurance services may be supplied from one location and consumed in another. | | | Jan-10-2020 |
| CPIA trade rating (1=low to 6=high) | Trade assesses how the policy framework fosters trade in goods. | World Bank Group, CPIA database (http://www.worldbank.org/ida). | Public Sector: Policy & institutions | | Annual | The International Development Association (IDA) is the part of the World Bank Group that helps the poorest countries reduce poverty by providing concessional loans and grants for programs aimed at boosting economic growth and improving living conditions. IDA funding helps these countries deal with the complex challenges they face in meeting the Millennium Development Goals.
The World Bank's IDA Resource Allocation Index (IRAI) is based on the results of the annual Country Policy and Institutional Assessment (CPIA) exercise, which covers the IDA-eligible countries. Country assessments have been carried out annually since the mid-1970s by World Bank staff. Over time the criteria have been revised from a largely macroeconomic focus to include governance aspects and a broader coverage of social and structural dimensions. Country performance is assessed against a set of 16 criteria grouped into four clusters: economic management, structural policies, policies for social inclusion and equity, and public sector management and institutions. IDA resources are allocated to a country on per capita terms based on its IDA country performance rating and, to a limited extent, based on its per capita gross national income. This ensures that good performers receive a higher IDA allocation in per capita terms. The IRAI is a key element in the country performance rating. | | | Jan-10-2020 |
| Customs and other import duties (% of tax revenue) | Customs and other import duties are all levies collected on goods that are entering the country or services delivered by nonresidents to residents. They include levies imposed for revenue or protection purposes and determined on a specific or ad valorem basis as long as they are restricted to imported goods or services. | International Monetary Fund, Government Finance Statistics Yearbook and data files. | Public Sector: Government finance: Revenue | | Annual | | | | Jan-10-2020 |
| E |
| Energy imports, net (% of energy use) | Net energy imports are estimated as energy use less production, both measured in oil equivalents. A negative value indicates that the country is a net exporter. Energy use refers to use of primary energy before transformation to other end-use fuels, which is equal to indigenous production plus imports and stock changes, minus exports and fuels supplied to ships and aircraft engaged in international transport. | IEA Statistics © OECD/IEA 2014 (http://www.iea.org/stats/index.asp), subject to https://www.iea.org/t&c/termsandconditions/ | Environment: Energy production & use | | Annual | Modern energy services are crucial to a country's economic development. Access to modern energy is essential for the provision of clean water, sanitation and healthcare and for the provision of reliable and efficient lighting, heating, cooking, mechanical power, and transport and telecommunications services.
Governments in many countries are increasingly aware of the urgent need to make better use of the world's energy resources. Improved energy efficiency is often the most economic and readily available means of improving energy security and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. | | | Jan-10-2020 |
| Export value index (2000 = 100) | Export values are the current value of exports (f.o.b.) converted to U.S. dollars and expressed as a percentage of the average for the base period (2000). UNCTAD's export value indexes are reported for most economies. For selected economies for which UNCTAD does not publish data, the export value indexes are derived from export volume indexes (line 72) and corresponding unit value indexes of exports (line 74) in the IMF's International Financial Statistics. | United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, Handbook of Statistics and data files, and International Monetary Fund, International Financial Statistics. | Private Sector & Trade: Trade indexes | | Annual | | | | Jan-10-2020 |
| Export volume index (2000 = 100) | Export volume indexes are derived from UNCTAD's volume index series and are the ratio of the export value indexes to the corresponding unit value indexes. Unit value indexes are based on data reported by countries that demonstrate consistency under UNCTAD quality controls, supplemented by UNCTAD’s estimates using the previous year’s trade values at the Standard International Trade Classification three-digit level as weights. To improve data coverage, especially for the latest periods, UNCTAD constructs a set of average prices indexes at the three-digit product classification of the Standard International Trade Classification revision 3 using UNCTAD’s Commodity Price Statistics, international and national sources, and UNCTAD secretariat estimates and calculates unit value indexes at the country level using the current year’s trade values as weights. For economies for which UNCTAD does not publish data, the export volume indexes (lines 72) in the IMF's International Financial Statistics are used. | United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, Handbook of Statistics and data files, and International Monetary Fund, International Financial Statistics. | Private Sector & Trade: Trade indexes | | Annual | | | | Jan-10-2020 |
| Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) | Exports of goods and services represent the value of all goods and other market services provided to the rest of the world. They include the value of merchandise, freight, insurance, transport, travel, royalties, license fees, and other services, such as communication, construction, financial, information, business, personal, and government services. They exclude compensation of employees and investment income (formerly called factor services) and transfer payments. | World Bank national accounts data, and OECD National Accounts data files. | Economic Policy & Debt: National accounts: Shares of GDP & other | | Annual | | | | Jan-10-2020 |
| Exports of goods and services (annual % growth) | Annual growth rate of exports of goods and services based on constant local currency. Aggregates are based on constant 2010 U.S. dollars. Exports of goods and services represent the value of all goods and other market services provided to the rest of the world. They include the value of merchandise, freight, insurance, transport, travel, royalties, license fees, and other services, such as communication, construction, financial, information, business, personal, and government services. They exclude compensation of employees and investment income (formerly called factor services) and transfer payments. | World Bank national accounts data, and OECD National Accounts data files. | Economic Policy & Debt: National accounts: Growth rates | | Annual | | | | Jan-10-2020 |
| Exports of goods and services (BoP, current US$) | Exports of goods and services comprise all transactions between residents of a country and the rest of the world involving a change of ownership from residents to nonresidents of general merchandise, net exports of goods under merchanting, nonmonetary gold, and services. Data are in current U.S. dollars. | International Monetary Fund, Balance of Payments Statistics Yearbook and data files. | Economic Policy & Debt: Balance of payments: Current account: Goods, services & income | | Annual | The balance of payments records an economy’s transactions with the rest of the world. Balance of payments accounts are divided into two groups: the current account, which records transactions in goods, services, primary income, and secondary income, and the capital and financial account, which records capital transfers, acquisition or disposal of nonproduced, nonfinancial assets, and transactions in financial assets and liabilities. The current account balance is one of the most analytically useful indicators of an external imbalance.
A primary purpose of the balance of payments accounts is to indicate the need to adjust an external imbalance. Where to draw the line for analytical purposes requires a judgment concerning the imbalance that best indicates the need for adjustment. There are a number of definitions in common use for this and related analytical purposes. The trade balance is the difference between exports and imports of goods. From an analytical view it is arbitrary to distinguish goods from services. For example, a unit of foreign exchange earned by a freight company strengthens the balance of payments to the same extent as the foreign exchange earned by a goods exporter. Even so, the trade balance is useful because it is often the most timely indicator of trends in the current account balance. Customs authorities are typically able to provide data on trade in goods long before data on trade in services are available. | | | Jan-10-2020 |
| Exports of goods and services (constant 2010 US$) | Exports of goods and services represent the value of all goods and other market services provided to the rest of the world. They include the value of merchandise, freight, insurance, transport, travel, royalties, license fees, and other services, such as communication, construction, financial, information, business, personal, and government services. They exclude compensation of employees and investment income (formerly called factor services) and transfer payments. Data are in constant 2010 U.S. dollars. | World Bank national accounts data, and OECD National Accounts data files. | Economic Policy & Debt: National accounts: US$ at constant 2010 prices: Expenditure on GDP | | Annual | An economy's growth is measured by the change in the volume of its output or in the real incomes of its residents. The 2008 United Nations System of National Accounts (2008 SNA) offers three plausible indicators for calculating growth: the volume of gross domestic product (GDP), real gross domestic income, and real gross national income. The volume of GDP is the sum of value added, measured at constant prices, by households, government, and industries operating in the economy. GDP accounts for all domestic production, regardless of whether the income accrues to domestic or foreign institutions. | | | Jan-10-2020 |
| Exports of goods and services (current US$) | Exports of goods and services represent the value of all goods and other market services provided to the rest of the world. They include the value of merchandise, freight, insurance, transport, travel, royalties, license fees, and other services, such as communication, construction, financial, information, business, personal, and government services. They exclude compensation of employees and investment income (formerly called factor services) and transfer payments. Data are in current U.S. dollars. | World Bank national accounts data, and OECD National Accounts data files. | Economic Policy & Debt: National accounts: US$ at current prices: Expenditure on GDP | | Annual | | | | Jan-10-2020 |
| Exports of goods, services and primary income (BoP, current US$) | Exports of goods, services and primary income is the sum of goods exports, service exports and primary income receipts. Data are in current U.S. dollars. | International Monetary Fund, Balance of Payments Statistics Yearbook and data files. | Economic Policy & Debt: Balance of payments: Current account: Goods, services & income | | Annual | | | | Jan-10-2020 |
| G |
| GDP (constant 2010 US$) | GDP at purchaser's prices is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. Data are in constant 2010 U.S. dollars. Dollar figures for GDP are converted from domestic currencies using 2010 official exchange rates. For a few countries where the official exchange rate does not reflect the rate effectively applied to actual foreign exchange transactions, an alternative conversion factor is used. | World Bank national accounts data, and OECD National Accounts data files. | Economic Policy & Debt: National accounts: US$ at constant 2010 prices: Aggregate indicators | | Annual | An economy's growth is measured by the change in the volume of its output or in the real incomes of its residents. The 2008 United Nations System of National Accounts (2008 SNA) offers three plausible indicators for calculating growth: the volume of gross domestic product (GDP), real gross domestic income, and real gross national income. The volume of GDP is the sum of value added, measured at constant prices, by households, government, and industries operating in the economy. GDP accounts for all domestic production, regardless of whether the income accrues to domestic or foreign institutions. | | | Jan-10-2020 |
| GDP (current US$) | GDP at purchaser's prices is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. Data are in current U.S. dollars. Dollar figures for GDP are converted from domestic currencies using single year official exchange rates. For a few countries where the official exchange rate does not reflect the rate effectively applied to actual foreign exchange transactions, an alternative conversion factor is used. | World Bank national accounts data, and OECD National Accounts data files. | Economic Policy & Debt: National accounts: US$ at current prices: Aggregate indicators | | Annual | | | | Jan-10-2020 |
| GDP growth (annual %) | Annual percentage growth rate of GDP at market prices based on constant local currency. Aggregates are based on constant 2010 U.S. dollars. GDP is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. | World Bank national accounts data, and OECD National Accounts data files. | Economic Policy & Debt: National accounts: Growth rates | | Annual | An economy's growth is measured by the change in the volume of its output or in the real incomes of its residents. The 2008 United Nations System of National Accounts (2008 SNA) offers three plausible indicators for calculating growth: the volume of gross domestic product (GDP), real gross domestic income, and real gross national income. The volume of GDP is the sum of value added, measured at constant prices, by households, government, and industries operating in the economy. GDP accounts for all domestic production, regardless of whether the income accrues to domestic or foreign institutions. | | | Jan-10-2020 |
| GDP per capita (constant 2010 US$) | GDP per capita is gross domestic product divided by midyear population. GDP is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. Data are in constant 2010 U.S. dollars. | World Bank national accounts data, and OECD National Accounts data files. | Economic Policy & Debt: National accounts: US$ at constant 2010 prices: Aggregate indicators | | Annual | | | | Jan-10-2020 |
| GDP per capita (current US$) | GDP per capita is gross domestic product divided by midyear population. GDP is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. Data are in current U.S. dollars. | World Bank national accounts data, and OECD National Accounts data files. | Economic Policy & Debt: National accounts: US$ at current prices: Aggregate indicators | | Annual | | | | Jan-10-2020 |
| GDP per capita growth (annual %) | Annual percentage growth rate of GDP per capita based on constant local currency. Aggregates are based on constant 2010 U.S. dollars. GDP per capita is gross domestic product divided by midyear population. GDP at purchaser's prices is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. | World Bank national accounts data, and OECD National Accounts data files. | Economic Policy & Debt: National accounts: Growth rates | | Annual | | | | Jan-10-2020 |
| GDP per capita, PPP (constant 2011 international $) | GDP per capita based on purchasing power parity (PPP). PPP GDP is gross domestic product converted to international dollars using purchasing power parity rates. An international dollar has the same purchasing power over GDP as the U.S. dollar has in the United States. GDP at purchaser's prices is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. Data are in constant 2011 international dollars. | World Bank, International Comparison Program database. | Economic Policy & Debt: Purchasing power parity | | Annual | | | | Jan-10-2020 |
| GDP per capita, PPP (current international $) | GDP per capita based on purchasing power parity (PPP). PPP GDP is gross domestic product converted to international dollars using purchasing power parity rates. An international dollar has the same purchasing power over GDP as the U.S. dollar has in the United States. GDP at purchaser's prices is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. Data are in current international dollars based on the 2011 ICP round. | World Bank, International Comparison Program database. | Economic Policy & Debt: Purchasing power parity | | Annual | | | | Jan-10-2020 |
| GDP, PPP (constant 2011 international $) | PPP GDP is gross domestic product converted to international dollars using purchasing power parity rates. An international dollar has the same purchasing power over GDP as the U.S. dollar has in the United States. GDP is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. Data are in constant 2011 international dollars. | World Bank, International Comparison Program database. | Economic Policy & Debt: Purchasing power parity | | Annual | | | | Jan-10-2020 |
| GDP, PPP (current international $) | PPP GDP is gross domestic product converted to international dollars using purchasing power parity rates. An international dollar has the same purchasing power over GDP as the U.S. dollar has in the United States. GDP is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. Data are in current international dollars. For most economies PPP figures are extrapolated from the 2011 International Comparison Program (ICP) benchmark estimates or imputed using a statistical model based on the 2011 ICP. For 47 high- and upper middle-income economies conversion factors are provided by Eurostat and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). | World Bank, International Comparison Program database. | Economic Policy & Debt: Purchasing power parity | | Annual | | | | Jan-10-2020 |
| GNI (constant 2010 US$) | GNI (formerly GNP) is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and property income) from abroad. Data are in constant 2010 U.S. dollars. | World Bank national accounts data, and OECD National Accounts data files. | Economic Policy & Debt: National accounts: US$ at constant 2010 prices: Aggregate indicators | | Annual | Because development encompasses many factors - economic, environmental, cultural, educational, and institutional - no single measure gives a complete picture. However, the total earnings of the residents of an economy, measured by its gross national income (GNI), is a good measure of its capacity to provide for the well-being of its people. | | | Jan-10-2020 |
| GNI (current US$) | GNI (formerly GNP) is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and property income) from abroad. Data are in current U.S. dollars. | World Bank national accounts data, and OECD National Accounts data files. | Economic Policy & Debt: National accounts: US$ at current prices: Aggregate indicators | | Annual | Because development encompasses many factors - economic, environmental, cultural, educational, and institutional - no single measure gives a complete picture. However, the total earnings of the residents of an economy, measured by its gross national income (GNI), is a good measure of its capacity to provide for the well-being of its people. | | | Jan-10-2020 |
| GNI growth (annual %) | GNI (formerly GNP) is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and property income) from abroad. | World Bank national accounts data, and OECD National Accounts data files. | Economic Policy & Debt: National accounts: Growth rates | | Annual | | | | Jan-10-2020 |
| GNI per capita (constant 2010 US$) | GNI per capita is gross national income divided by midyear population. GNI (formerly GNP) is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and property income) from abroad. Data are in constant 2010 U.S. dollars. | World Bank national accounts data, and OECD National Accounts data files. | Economic Policy & Debt: National accounts: US$ at constant 2010 prices: Aggregate indicators | | Annual | | | | Jan-10-2020 |
| GNI per capita growth (annual %) | Annual percentage growth rate of GNI per capita based on constant local currency. Aggregates are based on constant 2010 U.S. dollars. GNI per capita is gross national income divided by midyear population. GNI (formerly GNP) is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and property income) from abroad. | World Bank national accounts data, and OECD National Accounts data files. | Economic Policy & Debt: National accounts: Growth rates | | Annual | | | | Jan-10-2020 |
| GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$) | GNI per capita (formerly GNP per capita) is the gross national income, converted to U.S. dollars using the World Bank Atlas method, divided by the midyear population. GNI is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and property income) from abroad. GNI, calculated in national currency, is usually converted to U.S. dollars at official exchange rates for comparisons across economies, although an alternative rate is used when the official exchange rate is judged to diverge by an exceptionally large margin from the rate actually applied in international transactions. To smooth fluctuations in prices and exchange rates, a special Atlas method of conversion is used by the World Bank. This applies a conversion factor that averages the exchange rate for a given year and the two preceding years, adjusted for differences in rates of inflation between the country, and through 2000, the G-5 countries (France, Germany, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States). From 2001, these countries include the Euro area, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States. | World Bank national accounts data, and OECD National Accounts data files. | Economic Policy & Debt: National accounts: Atlas GNI & GNI per capita | | Annual | | | | Jan-10-2020 |
| GNI per capita, PPP (constant 2011 international $) | GNI per capita based on purchasing power parity (PPP). PPP GNI is gross national income (GNI) converted to international dollars using purchasing power parity rates. An international dollar has the same purchasing power over GNI as a U.S. dollar has in the United States. GNI is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and property income) from abroad. Data are in constant 2011 international dollars. | World Bank, International Comparison Program database. | Economic Policy & Debt: Purchasing power parity | | Annual | | | | Jan-10-2020 |
| GNI per capita, PPP (current international $) | GNI per capita based on purchasing power parity (PPP). PPP GNI is gross national income (GNI) converted to international dollars using purchasing power parity rates. An international dollar has the same purchasing power over GNI as a U.S. dollar has in the United States. GNI is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and property income) from abroad. Data are in current international dollars based on the 2011 ICP round. | World Bank, International Comparison Program database. | Economic Policy & Debt: Purchasing power parity | | Annual | | | | Jan-10-2020 |
| GNI, PPP (constant 2011 international $) | PPP GNI (formerly PPP GNP) is gross national income (GNI) converted to international dollars using purchasing power parity rates. An international dollar has the same purchasing power over GNI as a U.S. dollar has in the United States. Gross national income is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and property income) from abroad. Data are in constant 2011 international dollars. | World Bank, International Comparison Program database. | Economic Policy & Debt: Purchasing power parity | | Annual | | | | Jan-10-2020 |
| GNI, PPP (current international $) | PPP GNI (formerly PPP GNP) is gross national income (GNI) converted to international dollars using purchasing power parity rates. An international dollar has the same purchasing power over GNI as a U.S. dollar has in the United States. Gross national income is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and property income) from abroad. Data are in current international dollars. For most economies PPP figures are extrapolated from the 2011 International Comparison Program (ICP) benchmark estimates or imputed using a statistical model based on the 2011 ICP. For 47 high- and upper middle-income economies conversion factors are provided by Eurostat and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). | World Bank, International Comparison Program database. | Economic Policy & Debt: Purchasing power parity | | Annual | Because development encompasses many factors - economic, environmental, cultural, educational, and institutional - no single measure gives a complete picture. However, the total earnings of the residents of an economy, measured by its gross national income (GNI), is a good measure of its capacity to provide for the well-being of its people. | | | Jan-10-2020 |
| Goods exports (BoP, current US$) | Goods exports refer to all movable goods (including nonmonetary gold and net exports of goods under merchanting) involved in a change of ownership from residents to nonresidents. Data are in current U.S. dollars. | International Monetary Fund, Balance of Payments Statistics Yearbook and data files. | Economic Policy & Debt: Balance of payments: Current account: Goods, services & income | | Annual | | | | Jan-10-2020 |
| Goods imports (BoP, current US$) | Goods imports refer to all movable goods (including nonmonetary gold) involved in a change of ownership from nonresidents to residents. Data are in current U.S. dollars. | International Monetary Fund, Balance of Payments Statistics Yearbook and data files. | Economic Policy & Debt: Balance of payments: Current account: Goods, services & income | | Annual | | | | Jan-10-2020 |
| H |
| High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports) | High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports) | United Nations, Comtrade database through the WITS platform. | Infrastructure: Technology | | Annual | The OECD has developed a four-way classification of exports: high, medium-high, medium-low and low-technology. The classification is based on the importance of expenditures on research and development relative to the gross output and value added of different types of industries that produce goods for export. Examples of high-technology industries are aircraft, computers, and pharmaceuticals; medium-high-technology includes motor vehicles, electrical equipment and most chemicals; medium-low-technology includes rubber, plastics, basic metals and ship construction; low-technology industries include food processing, textiles, clothing and footwear.
Industries of high and medium-high-technology intensity account for over two-thirds of total OECD manufacturing exports. Differences among countries are substantial; the share of high and medium-high-technology industries ranges from over 80 percent in Japan and Ireland to less than 10 percent in Iceland. Technology exports have grown rapidly in Iceland, Turkey and the eastern European countries, although most of these countries, with Hungary and the Czech Republic as exceptions, still focus primarily on low and medium-low-technology exports. | | | Jan-10-2020 |
| High-technology exports (current US$) | High-technology exports (current US$) | United Nations, Comtrade database through the WITS platform. | Infrastructure: Technology | | Annual | The OECD has developed a four-way classification of exports: high, medium-high, medium-low and low-technology. The classification is based on the importance of expenditures on research and development relative to the gross output and value added of different types of industries that produce goods for export. Examples of high-technology industries are aircraft, computers, and pharmaceuticals; medium-high-technology includes motor vehicles, electrical equipment and most chemicals; medium-low-technology includes rubber, plastics, basic metals and ship construction; low-technology industries include food processing, textiles, clothing and footwear. | | | Jan-10-2020 |
| I |
| ICT goods exports (% of total goods exports) | ICT goods exports (% of total goods exports) | United Nations Conference on Trade and Development's UNCTADstat database at http://unctadstat.unctad.org/ReportFolders/reportFolders.aspx. | Infrastructure: Communications | | Annual | The digital and information revolution has changed the way the world learns, communicates, does business, and treats illnesses. New information and communications technologies (ICT) offer vast opportunities for progress in all walks of life in all countries - opportunities for economic growth, improved health, better service delivery, learning through distance education, and social and cultural advances.
Comparable statistics on access, use, quality, and affordability of ICT are needed to formulate growth-enabling policies for the sector and to monitor and evaluate the sector's impact on development. Although basic access data are available for many countries, in most developing countries little is known about who uses ICT; what they are used for (school, work, business, research, government); and how they affect people and businesses. The global Partnership on Measuring ICT for Development is helping to set standards, harmonize information and communications technology statistics, and build statistical capacity in developing countries. For more information see www.itu.int/ITU-D/ict/partnership/.
The work of the Partnership is directed towards achieving internationally comparable and reliable ICT statistics. In order to achieve this, its members are involved in developing and maintaining a core list of ICT indicators. Other activities include the compilation and dissemination of ICT data, and the provision of technical assistance enabling statistical agencies to collect data that underlie the core list of ICT indicators. | | | Jan-10-2020 |
| ICT goods imports (% total goods imports) | ICT goods imports (% total goods imports) | United Nations Conference on Trade and Development's UNCTADstat database at http://unctadstat.unctad.org/ReportFolders/reportFolders.aspx. | Infrastructure: Communications | | Annual | The digital and information revolution has changed the way the world learns, communicates, does business, and treats illnesses. New information and communications technologies (ICT) offer vast opportunities for progress in all walks of life in all countries - opportunities for economic growth, improved health, better service delivery, learning through distance education, and social and cultural advances.
Comparable statistics on access, use, quality, and affordability of ICT are needed to formulate growth-enabling policies for the sector and to monitor and evaluate the sector's impact on development. Although basic access data are available for many countries, in most developing countries little is known about who uses ICT; what they are used for (school, work, business, research, government); and how they affect people and businesses. The global Partnership on Measuring ICT for Development is helping to set standards, harmonize information and communications technology statistics, and build statistical capacity in developing countries. For more information see www.itu.int/ITU-D/ict/partnership/.
The work of the Partnership is directed towards achieving internationally comparable and reliable ICT statistics. In order to achieve this, its members are involved in developing and maintaining a core list of ICT indicators. Other activities include the compilation and dissemination of ICT data, and the provision of technical assistance enabling statistical agencies to collect data that underlie the core list of ICT indicators. | | | Jan-10-2020 |
| ICT service exports (% of service exports, BoP) | Information and communication technology service exports include computer and communications services (telecommunications and postal and courier services) and information services (computer data and news-related service transactions). | International Monetary Fund, Balance of Payments Statistics Yearbook and data files. | Infrastructure: Communications | | Annual | The balance of payments records an economy's transactions with the rest of the world. Balance of payments accounts are divided into two groups: the current account, which records transactions in goods, services, income, and current transfers, and the capital and financial account, which records capital transfers, acquisition or disposal of non-produced, nonfinancial assets, and transactions in financial assets and liabilities. | | | Jan-10-2020 |
| ICT service exports (BoP, current US$) | Information and communication technology service exports include computer and communications services (telecommunications and postal and courier services) and information services (computer data and news-related service transactions). Data are in current U.S. dollars. | International Monetary Fund, Balance of Payments Statistics Yearbook and data files. | Infrastructure: Communications | | Annual | | | | Jan-10-2020 |
| Import value index (2000 = 100) | Import value indexes are the current value of imports (c.i.f.) converted to U.S. dollars and expressed as a percentage of the average for the base period (2000). UNCTAD's import value indexes are reported for most economies. For selected economies for which UNCTAD does not publish data, the import value indexes are derived from import volume indexes (line 73) and corresponding unit value indexes of imports (line 75) in the IMF's International Financial Statistics. | United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, Handbook of Statistics and data files, and International Monetary Fund, International Financial Statistics. | Private Sector & Trade: Trade indexes | | Annual | | | | Jan-10-2020 |
| Import volume index (2000 = 100) | Import volume indexes are derived from UNCTAD's volume index series and are the ratio of the import value indexes to the corresponding unit value indexes. Unit value indexes are based on data reported by countries that demonstrate consistency under UNCTAD quality controls, supplemented by UNCTAD’s estimates using the previous year’s trade values at the Standard International Trade Classification three-digit level as weights. To improve data coverage, especially for the latest periods, UNCTAD constructs a set of average prices indexes at the three-digit product classification of the Standard International Trade Classification revision 3 using UNCTAD’s Commodity Price Statistics, international and national sources, and UNCTAD secretariat estimates and calculates unit value indexes at the country level using the current year’s trade values as weights. For economies for which UNCTAD does not publish data, the import volume indexes (lines 73) in the IMF's International Financial Statistics are used. | United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, Handbook of Statistics and data files, and International Monetary Fund, International Financial Statistics. | Private Sector & Trade: Trade indexes | | Annual | | | | Jan-10-2020 |
| Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) | Imports of goods and services represent the value of all goods and other market services received from the rest of the world. They include the value of merchandise, freight, insurance, transport, travel, royalties, license fees, and other services, such as communication, construction, financial, information, business, personal, and government services. They exclude compensation of employees and investment income (formerly called factor services) and transfer payments. | World Bank national accounts data, and OECD National Accounts data files. | Economic Policy & Debt: National accounts: Shares of GDP & other | | Annual | | | | Jan-10-2020 |
| Imports of goods and services (annual % growth) | Annual growth rate of imports of goods and services based on constant local currency. Aggregates are based on constant 2010 U.S. dollars. Imports of goods and services represent the value of all goods and other market services received from the rest of the world. They include the value of merchandise, freight, insurance, transport, travel, royalties, license fees, and other services, such as communication, construction, financial, information, business, personal, and government services. They exclude compensation of employees and investment income (formerly called factor services) and transfer payments. | World Bank national accounts data, and OECD National Accounts data files. | Economic Policy & Debt: National accounts: Growth rates | | Annual | | | | Jan-10-2020 |
| Imports of goods and services (BoP, current US$) | Imports of goods and services comprise all transactions between residents of a country and the rest of the world involving a change of ownership from nonresidents to residents of general merchandise, nonmonetary gold, and services. Data are in current U.S. dollars. | International Monetary Fund, Balance of Payments Statistics Yearbook and data files. | Economic Policy & Debt: Balance of payments: Current account: Goods, services & income | | Annual | The balance of payments records an economy’s transactions with the rest of the world. Balance of payments accounts are divided into two groups: the current account, which records transactions in goods, services, primary income, and secondary income, and the capital and financial account, which records capital transfers, acquisition or disposal of nonproduced, nonfinancial assets, and transactions in financial assets and liabilities. The current account balance is one of the most analytically useful indicators of an external imbalance.
A primary purpose of the balance of payments accounts is to indicate the need to adjust an external imbalance. Where to draw the line for analytical purposes requires a judgment concerning the imbalance that best indicates the need for adjustment. There are a number of definitions in common use for this and related analytical purposes. The trade balance is the difference between exports and imports of goods. From an analytical view it is arbitrary to distinguish goods from services. For example, a unit of foreign exchange earned by a freight company strengthens the balance of payments to the same extent as the foreign exchange earned by a goods exporter. Even so, the trade balance is useful because it is often the most timely indicator of trends in the current account balance. Customs authorities are typically able to provide data on trade in goods long before data on trade in services are available. | | | Jan-10-2020 |
| Imports of goods and services (constant 2010 US$) | Imports of goods and services represent the value of all goods and other market services received from the rest of the world. They include the value of merchandise, freight, insurance, transport, travel, royalties, license fees, and other services, such as communication, construction, financial, information, business, personal, and government services. They exclude compensation of employees and investment income (formerly called factor services) and transfer payments. Data are in constant 2010 U.S. dollars. | World Bank national accounts data, and OECD National Accounts data files. | Economic Policy & Debt: National accounts: US$ at constant 2010 prices: Expenditure on GDP | | Annual | An economy's growth is measured by the change in the volume of its output or in the real incomes of its residents. The 2008 United Nations System of National Accounts (2008 SNA) offers three plausible indicators for calculating growth: the volume of gross domestic product (GDP), real gross domestic income, and real gross national income. The volume of GDP is the sum of value added, measured at constant prices, by households, government, and industries operating in the economy. GDP accounts for all domestic production, regardless of whether the income accrues to domestic or foreign institutions. | | | Jan-10-2020 |
| Imports of goods and services (current US$) | Imports of goods and services represent the value of all goods and other market services received from the rest of the world. They include the value of merchandise, freight, insurance, transport, travel, royalties, license fees, and other services, such as communication, construction, financial, information, business, personal, and government services. They exclude compensation of employees and investment income (formerly called factor services) and transfer payments. Data are in current U.S. dollars. | World Bank national accounts data, and OECD National Accounts data files. | Economic Policy & Debt: National accounts: US$ at current prices: Expenditure on GDP | | Annual | | | | Jan-10-2020 |
| Imports of goods, services and primary income (BoP, current US$) | Imports of goods, services and primary income is the sum of goods imports, service imports and primary income payments. Data are in current U.S. dollars. | International Monetary Fund, Balance of Payments Statistics Yearbook and data files. | Economic Policy & Debt: Balance of payments: Current account: Goods, services & income | | Annual | | | | Jan-10-2020 |
| Insurance and financial services (% of commercial service exports) | Insurance and financial services cover freight insurance on goods exported and other direct insurance such as life insurance; financial intermediation services such as commissions, foreign exchange transactions, and brokerage services; and auxiliary services such as financial market operational and regulatory services. | International Monetary Fund, Balance of Payments Statistics Yearbook and data files. | Private Sector & Trade: Exports | | Annual | Trade in services differs from trade in goods because services are produced and consumed at the same time. Thus services to a traveler may be consumed in the producing country (for example, use of a hotel room) but are classified as imports of the traveler's country. In other cases services may be supplied from a remote location; for example, insurance services may be supplied from one location and consumed in another. | | | Jan-10-2020 |
| Insurance and financial services (% of commercial service imports) | Insurance and financial services cover freight insurance on goods imported and other direct insurance such as life insurance; financial intermediation services such as commissions, foreign exchange transactions, and brokerage services; and auxiliary services such as financial market operational and regulatory services. | International Monetary Fund, Balance of Payments Statistics Yearbook and data files. | Private Sector & Trade: Imports | | Annual | Trade in services differs from trade in goods because services are produced and consumed at the same time. Thus services to a traveler may be consumed in the producing country (for example, use of a hotel room) but are classified as imports of the traveler's country. In other cases services may be supplied from a remote location; for example, insurance services may be supplied from one location and consumed in another. | | | Jan-10-2020 |
| International tourism, expenditures (% of total imports) | International tourism expenditures are expenditures of international outbound visitors in other countries, including payments to foreign carriers for international transport. These expenditures may include those by residents traveling abroad as same-day visitors, except in cases where these are important enough to justify separate classification. For some countries they do not include expenditures for passenger transport items. Their share in imports is calculated as a ratio to imports of goods and services, which comprise all transactions between residents of a country and the rest of the world involving a change of ownership from nonresidents to residents of general merchandise, goods sent for processing and repairs, nonmonetary gold, and services. | World Tourism Organization, Yearbook of Tourism Statistics, Compendium of Tourism Statistics and data files, and IMF and World Bank imports estimates. | Private Sector & Trade: Travel & tourism | | Annual | Tourism is officially recognized as a directly measurable activity, enabling more accurate analysis and more effective policy. Whereas previously the sector relied mostly on approximations from related areas of measurement (e.g. Balance of Payments statistics), tourism today possesses a range of instruments to track its productive activities and the activities of the consumers that drive them: visitors (both tourists and excursionists).
An increasing number of countries have opened up and invested in tourism development, making tourism a key driver of socio-economic progress through export revenues, the creation of jobs and enterprises, and infrastructure development. As an internationally traded service, inbound tourism has become one of the world's major trade categories. For many developing countries it is one of the main sources of foreign exchange income and a major component of exports, creating much needed employment and development opportunities.
This measure reflects the importance of tourism as an internationally traded service relative to other categories of imports. Such a measure reveals the predilection for tourism in a country's import structure and the relative degree of an economy's domestic revenue outflows due to international tourism. | | | Jan-10-2020 |
| International tourism, receipts (% of total exports) | International tourism receipts are expenditures by international inbound visitors, including payments to national carriers for international transport. These receipts include any other prepayment made for goods or services received in the destination country. They also may include receipts from same-day visitors, except when these are important enough to justify separate classification. For some countries they do not include receipts for passenger transport items. Their share in exports is calculated as a ratio to exports of goods and services, which comprise all transactions between residents of a country and the rest of the world involving a change of ownership from residents to nonresidents of general merchandise, goods sent for processing and repairs, nonmonetary gold, and services. | World Tourism Organization, Yearbook of Tourism Statistics, Compendium of Tourism Statistics and data files, and IMF and World Bank exports estimates. | Private Sector & Trade: Travel & tourism | | Annual | Tourism is officially recognized as a directly measurable activity, enabling more accurate analysis and more effective policy. Whereas previously the sector relied mostly on approximations from related areas of measurement (e.g. Balance of Payments statistics), tourism today possesses a range of instruments to track its productive activities and the activities of the consumers that drive them: visitors (both tourists and excursionists).
An increasing number of countries have opened up and invested in tourism development, making tourism a key driver of socio-economic progress through export revenues, the creation of jobs and enterprises, and infrastructure development. As an internationally traded service, inbound tourism has become one of the world's major trade categories. For many developing countries it is one of the main sources of foreign exchange income and a major component of exports, creating much needed employment and development opportunities.
This measure reflects the importance of tourism as an internationally traded service relative to other categories of exports. Such a measure reveals the degree of tourism specialization in a country's export structure and the relative capability of tourism in generating foreign revenues. | | | Jan-10-2020 |
| M |
| Merchandise imports (current US$) | Merchandise imports (current US$) | World Trade Organization. | Private Sector & Trade: Imports | | Annual | | | | Jan-10-2020 |
| Merchandise imports by the reporting economy (current US$) | Merchandise imports by the reporting economy (current US$) | World Bank staff estimates based data from International Monetary Fund's Direction of Trade database. | Private Sector & Trade: Imports | | Annual | | | | Jan-10-2020 |
| Merchandise imports by the reporting economy, residual (% of total merchandise imports) | Merchandise imports by the reporting economy, residual (% of total merchandise imports) | World Bank staff estimates based data from International Monetary Fund's Direction of Trade database. | Private Sector & Trade: Imports | | Annual | | | | Jan-10-2020 |
| Merchandise imports from high-income economies (% of total merchandise imports) | Merchandise imports from high-income economies (% of total merchandise imports) | World Bank staff estimates based data from International Monetary Fund's Direction of Trade database. | Private Sector & Trade: Imports | | Annual | Low- and middle-income economies are an increasingly important part of the global trading system. Trade between high-income economies and low- and middle-income economies has grown faster than trade between high-income economies. This increased trade benefits both producers and consumers in developing and high-income economies. | | | Jan-10-2020 |
| Merchandise imports from low- and middle-income economies in East Asia & Pacific (% of total merchandise imports) | Merchandise imports from low- and middle-income economies in East Asia & Pacific (% of total merchandise imports) | World Bank staff estimates based data from International Monetary Fund's Direction of Trade database. | Private Sector & Trade: Imports | | Annual | | | | Jan-10-2020 |
| Merchandise imports from low- and middle-income economies in Europe & Central Asia (% of total merchandise imports) | Merchandise imports from low- and middle-income economies in Europe & Central Asia (% of total merchandise imports) | World Bank staff estimates based data from International Monetary Fund's Direction of Trade database. | Private Sector & Trade: Imports | | Annual | | | | Jan-10-2020 |
| Merchandise imports from low- and middle-income economies in Latin America & the Caribbean (% of total merchandise imports) | Merchandise imports from low- and middle-income economies in Latin America & the Caribbean (% of total merchandise imports) | World Bank staff estimates based data from International Monetary Fund's Direction of Trade database. | Private Sector & Trade: Imports | | Annual | | | | Jan-10-2020 |
| Merchandise imports from low- and middle-income economies in Middle East & North Africa (% of total merchandise imports) | Merchandise imports from low- and middle-income economies in Middle East & North Africa (% of total merchandise imports) | World Bank staff estimates based data from International Monetary Fund's Direction of Trade database. | Private Sector & Trade: Imports | | Annual | | | | Jan-10-2020 |
| Merchandise imports from low- and middle-income economies in South Asia (% of total merchandise imports) | Merchandise imports from low- and middle-income economies in South Asia (% of total merchandise imports) | World Bank staff estimates based data from International Monetary Fund's Direction of Trade database. | Private Sector & Trade: Imports | | Annual | | | | Jan-10-2020 |
| Merchandise imports from low- and middle-income economies in Sub-Saharan Africa (% of total merchandise imports) | Merchandise imports from low- and middle-income economies in Sub-Saharan Africa (% of total merchandise imports) | World Bank staff estimates based data from International Monetary Fund's Direction of Trade database. | Private Sector & Trade: Imports | | Annual | | | | Jan-10-2020 |
| Merchandise imports from low- and middle-income economies outside region (% of total merchandise imports) | Merchandise imports from low- and middle-income economies outside region (% of total merchandise imports) | World Bank staff estimates based data from International Monetary Fund's Direction of Trade database. | Private Sector & Trade: Imports | | Annual | Although global integration has increased, low- and middle-income economies still face trade barriers when accessing other markets. | | | Jan-10-2020 |
| Merchandise imports from low- and middle-income economies within region (% of total merchandise imports) | Merchandise imports from low- and middle-income economies within region (% of total merchandise imports) | World Bank staff estimates based data from International Monetary Fund's Direction of Trade database. | Private Sector & Trade: Imports | | Annual | The relative importance of intraregional trade is higher for both landlocked countries and small countries with close trade links to the largest regional economy. For most low- and middle-income economies - especially smaller ones - there is a "geographic bias" favoring intraregional trade. Despite the broad trend toward globalization and the reduction of trade barriers, the relative share of intraregional trade increased for most economies between 1999 and 2010. This is due partly to trade-related advantages, such as proximity, lower transport costs, increased knowledge from repeated interaction, and cultural and historical affinity. The direction of trade is also influenced by preferential trade agreements that a country has made with other economies. Though formal agreements on trade liberalization do not automatically increase trade, they nevertheless affect the direction of trade between the participating economies. | | | Jan-10-2020 |
| Merchandise trade (% of GDP) | Merchandise trade as a share of GDP is the sum of merchandise exports and imports divided by the value of GDP, all in current U.S. dollars. | World Trade Organization, and World Bank GDP estimates. | Private Sector & Trade: Total merchandise trade | | Annual | | | | Jan-10-2020 |
| N |
| Net barter terms of trade index (2000 = 100) | Net barter terms of trade index is calculated as the percentage ratio of the export unit value indexes to the import unit value indexes, measured relative to the base year 2000. Unit value indexes are based on data reported by countries that demonstrate consistency under UNCTAD quality controls, supplemented by UNCTAD's estimates using the previous year’s trade values at the Standard International Trade Classification three-digit level as weights. To improve data coverage, especially for the latest periods, UNCTAD constructs a set of average prices indexes at the three-digit product classification of the Standard International Trade Classification revision 3 using UNCTAD’s Commodity Price Statistics, international and national sources, and UNCTAD secretariat estimates and calculates unit value indexes at the country level using the current year's trade values as weights. | United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, Handbook of Statistics and data files, and International Monetary Fund, International Financial Statistics. | Private Sector & Trade: Trade indexes | | Annual | Data on international trade in goods are available from each country's balance of payments and customs records. While the balance of payments focuses on the financial transactions that accompany trade, customs data record the direction of trade and the physical quantities and value of goods entering or leaving the customs area. Customs data may differ from data recorded in the balance of payments because of differences in valuation and time of recording. The 2008 United Nations System of National Accounts and the sixth edition of the International Monetary Fund’s (IMF) Balance of Payments Manual attempted to reconcile definitions and reporting standards for international trade statistics, but differences in sources, timing, and national practices limit comparability. Real growth rates derived from trade volume indexes and terms of trade based on unit price indexes may therefore differ from those derived from national accounts aggregates.
Trade in goods, or merchandise trade, includes all goods that add to or subtract from an economy's material resources. Trade data are collected on the basis of a country's customs area, which in most cases is the same as its geographic area. Goods provided as part of foreign aid are included, but goods destined for extraterritorial agencies (such as embassies) are not.
By international agreement customs data are reported to the United Nations Statistics Division, which maintains the Commodity Trade (Comtrade) and Monthly Bulletin of Statistics databases. The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) compiles international trade statistics, including price, value, and volume indexes, from national and international sources such as the IMF’s International Financial Statistics database, the United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Japan Customs, Bank of Japan, and UNCTAD’s Commodity Price Statistics and Merchandise Trade Matrix. The IMF also compiles data on trade prices and volumes in its International Financial Statistics (IFS) database. | | | Jan-10-2020 |
| Net trade in goods (BoP, current US$) | Net trade in goods is the difference between exports and imports of goods. Trade in services is not included. Data are in current U.S. dollars. | International Monetary Fund, Balance of Payments Statistics Yearbook and data files. | Economic Policy & Debt: Balance of payments: Current account: Balances | | Annual | | | | Jan-10-2020 |
| Net trade in goods and services (BoP, current US$) | Net trade in goods and services is derived by offsetting imports of goods and services against exports of goods and services. Exports and imports of goods and services comprise all transactions involving a change of ownership of goods and services between residents of one country and the rest of the world. Data are in current U.S. dollars. | International Monetary Fund, Balance of Payments Statistics Yearbook and data files. | Economic Policy & Debt: Balance of payments: Current account: Balances | | Annual | | | | Jan-10-2020 |
| P |
| Population, total | Total population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship. The values shown are midyear estimates. | (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects: 2019 Revision. (2) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (3) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (4) United Nations Statistical Division. Popu | Health: Population: Structure | | Annual | Increases in human population, whether as a result of immigration or more births than deaths, can impact natural resources and social infrastructure. This can place pressure on a country's sustainability. A significant growth in population will negatively impact the availability of land for agricultural production, and will aggravate demand for food, energy, water, social services, and infrastructure. On the other hand, decreasing population size - a result of fewer births than deaths, and people moving out of a country - can impact a government's commitment to maintain services and infrastructure. | | | Jan-10-2020 |
| S |
| Service exports (BoP, current US$) | Services refer to economic output of intangible commodities that may be produced, transferred, and consumed at the same time. Data are in current U.S. dollars. | International Monetary Fund, Balance of Payments Statistics Yearbook and data files. | Economic Policy & Debt: Balance of payments: Current account: Goods, services & income | | Annual | | | | Jan-10-2020 |
| Service imports (BoP, current US$) | Services refer to economic output of intangible commodities that may be produced, transferred, and consumed at the same time. Data are in current U.S. dollars. | International Monetary Fund, Balance of Payments Statistics Yearbook and data files. | Economic Policy & Debt: Balance of payments: Current account: Goods, services & income | | Annual | | | | Jan-10-2020 |
| T |
| Taxes on exports (% of tax revenue) | Taxes on exports are all levies on goods being transported out of the country or services being delivered to nonresidents by residents. Rebates on exported goods that are repayments of previously paid general consumption taxes, excise taxes, or import duties are deducted from the gross amounts receivable from these taxes, not from amounts receivable from export taxes. | International Monetary Fund, Government Finance Statistics Yearbook and data files. | Public Sector: Government finance: Revenue | | Annual | | | | Jan-10-2020 |
| Taxes on exports (current LCU) | Taxes on exports are all levies on goods being transported out of the country or services being delivered to nonresidents by residents. Rebates on exported goods that are repayments of previously paid general consumption taxes, excise taxes, or import duties are deducted from the gross amounts receivable from these taxes, not from amounts receivable from export taxes. | International Monetary Fund, Government Finance Statistics Yearbook and data files. | Public Sector: Government finance: Revenue | | Annual | | | | Jan-10-2020 |
| Taxes on goods and services (% of revenue) | Taxes on goods and services include general sales and turnover or value added taxes, selective excises on goods, selective taxes on services, taxes on the use of goods or property, taxes on extraction and production of minerals, and profits of fiscal monopolies. | International Monetary Fund, Government Finance Statistics Yearbook and data files. | Public Sector: Government finance: Revenue | | Annual | | | | Jan-10-2020 |
| Taxes on goods and services (% value added of industry and services) | Taxes on goods and services include general sales and turnover or value added taxes, selective excises on goods, selective taxes on services, taxes on the use of goods or property, taxes on extraction and production of minerals, and profits of fiscal monopolies. | International Monetary Fund, Government Finance Statistics Yearbook and data files, and World Bank and OECD value added estimates. | Public Sector: Government finance: Revenue | | Annual | | | | Jan-10-2020 |
| Taxes on goods and services (current LCU) | Taxes on goods and services include general sales and turnover or value added taxes, selective excises on goods, selective taxes on services, taxes on the use of goods or property, taxes on extraction and production of minerals, and profits of fiscal monopolies. | International Monetary Fund, Government Finance Statistics Yearbook and data files. | Public Sector: Government finance: Revenue | | Annual | | | | Jan-10-2020 |
| Taxes on international trade (% of revenue) | Taxes on international trade include import duties, export duties, profits of export or import monopolies, exchange profits, and exchange taxes. | International Monetary Fund, Government Finance Statistics Yearbook and data files. | Public Sector: Government finance: Revenue | | Annual | | | | Jan-10-2020 |
| Taxes on international trade (current LCU) | Taxes on international trade include import duties, export duties, profits of export or import monopolies, exchange profits, and exchange taxes. | International Monetary Fund, Government Finance Statistics Yearbook and data files. | Public Sector: Government finance: Revenue | | Annual | | | | Jan-10-2020 |
| Trade (% of GDP) | Trade is the sum of exports and imports of goods and services measured as a share of gross domestic product. | World Bank national accounts data, and OECD National Accounts data files. | Economic Policy & Debt: National accounts: Shares of GDP & other | | Annual | | | | Jan-10-2020 |
| Trade in services (% of GDP) | Trade in services is the sum of service exports and imports divided by the value of GDP, all in current U.S. dollars. | International Monetary Fund, Balance of Payments Statistics Yearbook and data files, and World Bank and OECD GDP estimates. | Economic Policy & Debt: Balance of payments: Current account: Goods, services & income | | Annual | | | | Jan-10-2020 |
| Transport services (% of commercial service exports) | Transport services (% of commercial service exports) covers all transport services (sea, air, land, internal waterway, space, and pipeline) performed by residents of one economy for those of another and involving the carriage of passengers, movement of goods (freight), rental of carriers with crew, and related support and auxiliary services. Excluded are freight insurance, which is included in insurance services; goods procured in ports by nonresident carriers and repairs of transport equipment, which are included in goods; repairs of railway facilities, harbors, and airfield facilities, which are included in construction services; and rental of carriers without crew, which is included in other services. | International Monetary Fund, Balance of Payments Statistics Yearbook and data files. | Private Sector & Trade: Exports | | Annual | Trade in services differs from trade in goods because services are produced and consumed at the same time. Thus services to a traveler may be consumed in the producing country (for example, use of a hotel room) but are classified as imports of the traveler's country. In other cases services may be supplied from a remote location; for example, insurance services may be supplied from one location and consumed in another. | | | Jan-10-2020 |
| Transport services (% of commercial service imports) | Transport services (% of commercial service imports) covers all transport services (sea, air, land, internal waterway, space, and pipeline) performed by residents of one economy for those of another and involving the carriage of passengers, movement of goods (freight), rental of carriers with crew, and related support and auxiliary services. Excluded are freight insurance, which is included in insurance services; goods procured in ports by nonresident carriers and repairs of transport equipment, which are included in goods; repairs of railway facilities, harbors, and airfield facilities, which are included in construction services; and rental of carriers without crew, which is included in other services. | International Monetary Fund, Balance of Payments Statistics Yearbook and data files. | Private Sector & Trade: Imports | | Annual | Trade in services differs from trade in goods because services are produced and consumed at the same time. Thus services to a traveler may be consumed in the producing country (for example, use of a hotel room) but are classified as imports of the traveler's country. In other cases services may be supplied from a remote location; for example, insurance services may be supplied from one location and consumed in another. | | | Jan-10-2020 |
| Transport services (% of service exports, BoP) | Transport covers all transport services (sea, air, land, internal waterway, pipeline, space and electricity transmission) performed by residents of one economy for those of another and involving the carriage of passengers, the movement of goods (freight), rental of carriers with crew, and related support and auxiliary services. Also included are postal and courier services. Excluded are freight insurance (included in insurance services); goods procured in ports by nonresident carriers (included in goods); maintenance and repairs on transport equipment (included in maintenance and repair services n.i.e.); and repairs of railway facilities, harbors, and airfield facilities (included in construction). | International Monetary Fund, Balance of Payments Statistics Yearbook and data files. | Economic Policy & Debt: Balance of payments: Current account: Goods, services & income | | Annual | | | | Jan-10-2020 |
| Transport services (% of service imports, BoP) | Transport covers all transport services (sea, air, land, internal waterway, pipeline, space and electricity transmission) performed by residents of one economy for those of another and involving the carriage of passengers, the movement of goods (freight), rental of carriers with crew, and related support and auxiliary services. Also included are postal and courier services. Excluded are freight insurance (included in insurance services); goods procured in ports by nonresident carriers (included in goods); maintenance and repairs on transport equipment (included in maintenance and repair services n.i.e.); and repairs of railway facilities, harbors, and airfield facilities (included in construction). | International Monetary Fund, Balance of Payments Statistics Yearbook and data files. | Economic Policy & Debt: Balance of payments: Current account: Goods, services & income | | Annual | | | | Jan-10-2020 |
| Travel services (% of commercial service exports) | Travel services (% of commercial service exports) covers goods and services acquired from an economy by travelers in that economy for their own use during visits of less than one year for business or personal purposes. Travel services include the goods and services consumed by travelers, such as lodging and meals and transport (within the economy visited). | International Monetary Fund, Balance of Payments Statistics Yearbook and data files. | Private Sector & Trade: Exports | | Annual | Trade in services differs from trade in goods because services are produced and consumed at the same time. Thus services to a traveler may be consumed in the producing country (for example, use of a hotel room) but are classified as imports of the traveler's country. In other cases services may be supplied from a remote location; for example, insurance services may be supplied from one location and consumed in another. | | | Jan-10-2020 |
| Travel services (% of commercial service imports) | Travel services (% of commercial service imports) covers goods and services acquired from an economy by travelers in that economy for their own use during visits of less than one year for business or personal purposes. Travel services include the goods and services consumed by travelers, such as lodging, meals, and transport (within the economy visited). | International Monetary Fund, Balance of Payments Statistics Yearbook and data files. | Private Sector & Trade: Imports | | Annual | Trade in services differs from trade in goods because services are produced and consumed at the same time. Thus services to a traveler may be consumed in the producing country (for example, use of a hotel room) but are classified as imports of the traveler's country. In other cases services may be supplied from a remote location; for example, insurance services may be supplied from one location and consumed in another. | | | Jan-10-2020 |
| Travel services (% of service exports, BoP) | Travel covers goods and services acquired from an economy by travelers for their own use during visits of less than one year in that economy for either business or personal purposes. Travel includes local transport (i.e., transport within the economy being visited and provided by a resident of that economy), but excludes international transport (which is included in passenger transport. Travel also excludes goods for resale, which are included in general merchandise. | International Monetary Fund, Balance of Payments Statistics Yearbook and data files. | Economic Policy & Debt: Balance of payments: Current account: Goods, services & income | | Annual | | | | Jan-10-2020 |
| Travel services (% of service imports, BoP) | Travel covers goods and services acquired from an economy by travelers for their own use during visits of less than one year in that economy for either business or personal purposes. Travel includes local transport (i.e., transport within the economy being visited and provided by a resident of that economy), but excludes international transport (which is included in passenger transport. Travel also excludes goods for resale, which are included in general merchandise. | International Monetary Fund, Balance of Payments Statistics Yearbook and data files. | Economic Policy & Debt: Balance of payments: Current account: Goods, services & income | | Annual | | | | Jan-10-2020 |