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Non-Tariff Measures

Import tariffs are not the only policy measures affecting international commodity trade. Over the course of the past century, governments have expanded regulatory controls over economic activity, often in pursuit of social, public health, environmental, or other non-economic policy objectives. As countries increasingly reduce tariff rates, these non-tariff measures can become more important.

The UNCTAD Trains database contains information on non-tariff measures. (Use the Trains Catalog—under the Help and Information menu—to find out which countries have submitted information on non-tariff measures.)

Non-Tariff Measures in TRAINS

Level

Code

Description

1

    A

Sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) measures

2

    A1

Prohibitions or restriction of products or substances because of SPS reasons

3

    A11

Temporary geographic prohibition for SPS reasons

3

    A12

Geographical restrictions on eligibility

3

    A13

Systems Approach

3

    A14

Special Authorization for SPS reasons

3

    A15

Registration requirements for importers

3

    A19

Prohibitions or restrictions of products or substances because of SPS reasons n.e.s.

2

    A2

Tolerance limits for residues and restricted use of substances

3

    A21

Tolerance limits for residues of or contamination by certain substances

3

    A22

Restricted use of certain substances in foods and feeds

2

    A3

Labelling, Marking and Packaging requirements

3

    A31

Labelling requirements

3

    A32

Marking requirements

3

    A33

Packaging requirements

2

    A4

Hygienic requirements

3

    A41

Microbiological criteria on the final product

3

    A42

Hygienic practices during production

3

    A49

Hygienic requirements n.e.s.

2

    A5

Treatment for elimination of plant and animal pests and disease-causing organisms in the final product (e.g. Post-harvest treatment)

3

    A51

Cold/heat treatment

3

    A52

Irradiation

3

    A53

Fumigation

3

    A59

Treatment for elimination of plant and animal pests and disease-causing organisms in the final product, n.e.s.

2

    A6

Other requirements on production or post-production processes

3

    A61

Plant growth processes

3

    A62

Animal raising or catching processes

3

    A63

Food and feed processing

3

    A64

Storage and transport conditions

3

    A69

Other requirements on production or post-production processes, n.e.s

2

    A7

Regulation of foods or feeds derived from, or produced using genetically modified organisms (GMO)

2

    A8

Conformity assessment related to SPS

3

    A81

Product registration requirement

3

    A82

Testing requirement

3

    A83

Certification requirement

3

    A84

Inspection requirement

3

    A85

Traceability information requirements

4

    A851

Origin of materials and parts

4

    A852

Processing history

4

    A853

Distribution and location of products after delivery

4

    A859

Traceability requirements, n.e.s.

3

    A86

Quarantine requirement

3

    A89

Conformity assessment related to SPS n.e.s.

2

    A9

SPS measures n.e.s.

1

    B

Technical barriers to trade (TBTs)

2

    B1

Prohibitions or restrictions of products or substances because of TBT reasons (e.g. environment, security)

3

    B11

Prohibition for TBT reasons

3

    B14

Authorization requirement for TBT reasons

3

    B15

Registration requirement for importers for TBT reasons

3

    B19

Prohibitions or restrictions of products or substances because of TBT reasons, n.e.s.

2

    B2

Tolerance limits for residues and restricted use of substances

3

    B21

Tolerance limits for residues of or contamination by certain substances

3

    B22

Restricted use of certain substances

2

    B3

Labelling, Marking and Packaging requirements

3

    B31

Labelling requirements

3

    B32

Marking requirements

3

    B33

Packaging requirements

2

    B4

Production or Post-Production requirements

3

    B41

TBT regulations on production processes

3

    B42

TBT regulations on transport and storage

3

    B49

Production or Post-Production requirements n.e.s.

2

    B5

Regulation on genetically modified organisms-GMO (for reasons other than food safety) and other foreign species

2

    B6

Product identity requirement

2

    B7

Product quality or performance requirement

2

    B8

Conformity assessment related to TBT

3

    B81

Product registration requirement

3

    B82

Testing requirement

3

    B83

Certification requirement

3

    B84

Inspection requirement

3

    B85

Traceability information requirements

4

    B851

Origin of materials and parts

4

    B852

Processing history

4

    B853

Distribution and location of products after delivery

4

    B859

Traceability requirements, n.e.s.

3

    B89

Conformity assessment related to TBT n.e.s.

2

    B9

TBT Measures n.e.s.

1

    C

Pre-shipment inspection and other formalities

2

    C1

Pre-shipment inspection

2

    C2

Direct consignment requirement

2

    C3

Requirement to pass through specified port of customs

2

    C4

Import monitoring and surveillance requirements and other automatic licensing measures

2

    C9

Other formalities, n.e.s.

1

    D

Price control measures

2

    D1

Administrative pricing

3

    D11

Minimum import prices

3

    D12

Reference prices and other price controls

3

    D19

Administrative pricing n.e.s.

2

    D2

Voluntary export price restraints (VEPRs)

2

    D3

Variable charges

3

    D31

Variable levies

3

    D32

Variable components

3

    D39

Variable charges n.e.s

2

    D4

Antidumping measures

3

    D41

Antidumping investigations

3

    D42

Antidumping duties

3

    D43

Price undertakings

2

    D5

Countervailing measures

3

    D51

Countervailing investigations

3

    D52

Countervailing duties

3

    D53

Price undertakings

2

    D6

Safeguard duties

2

    D7

Seasonal duties

2

    D9

Price control measures n.e.s.

1

    E

Licences, quotas, prohibitions and other quantity control measures

2

    E1

Non-automatic licence

3

    E11

Licence with no specific ex-ante criteria

3

    E12

Licence for specified use

3

    E13

Licence linked with local production

3

    E14

Licence combined with or replaced by special import authorization

3

    E18

Licence for non-economic reasons

4

    E181

Licence for religious, moral or cultural reasons

4

    E182

Licence for political reasons

4

    E189

Licence for non-economic reasons n.e.s.

3

    E19

Non-automatic licensing n.e.s.

2

    E2

Quotas

3

    E21

Global quotas

4

    E211

Unallocated quotas

4

    E212

Quotas allocated to exporting countries

3

    E22

Bilateral quotas

3

    E23

Seasonal quotas

3

    E24

Quotas linked with purchase of local goods

3

    E25

Quotas linked with domestic production

3

    E27

Tariff Rate Quotas

3

    E28

Quotas for non-economic reasons

4

    E281

Quotas for religious, moral or cultural reasons

4

    E282

Quota for political reasons

4

    E289

Quotas for non-economic reasons n.e.s.

3

    E29

Quotas n.e.s.

2

    E3

Prohibitions

3

    E31

Total prohibition (not for SPS or TBT reasons)

3

    E32

Suspension of issuance of licences

3

    E33

Seasonal prohibition

3

    E34

Temporary prohibition

3

    E35

Prohibition of importation in bulk

3

    E36

Prohibition of products infringing patents or intellectual property rights

3

    E38

Prohibition for non-economic reasons

4

    E381

Prohibition for religious, moral or cultural reasons

4

    E382

Prohibition for political reasons (Embargo)

4

    E389

Prohibition for non-economic reasons n.e.s.

3

    E39

Prohibitions n.e.s.

2

    E4

Quantitative safeguard measures

2

    E5

Export restraint arrangement

3

    E51

Voluntary export restraint arrangements (VERs)

4

    E511

Quota agreement

4

    E512

Consultation agreement

4

    E513

Administrative co-operation agreement

3

    E59

Export restraint arrangements n.e.s.

2

    E9

Quantity control measures n.e.s.

1

    F

Charges, taxes and other para-tariff measures

2

    F1

Customs Surcharges

2

    F2

Service charges

3

    F21

Custom inspection, processing and servicing fees

3

    F22

Merchandise handling or storing fees

3

    F29

Service charges, n.e.s.

2

    F3

Additional taxes and charges

3

    F31

Tax on foreign exchange transactions

3

    F32

Stamp tax

3

    F33

Import licence fee

3

    F34

Consular invoice fee

3

    F35

Statistical tax

3

    F36

Tax on transport facilities

3

    F39

Additional charges n.e.s.

2

    F4

Internal taxes and charges levied on imports

3

    F41

General sales taxes

3

    F42

Excise taxes

3

    F43

Taxes and charges for sensitive product categories

3

    F49

Internal taxes and charges levied on imports n.e.s.

2

    F5

Decreed Customs Valuations

2

    F9

Para-tariff measures n.e.s

1

    G

Finance measures

2

    G1

Advance payment requirement

3

    G11

Advance import deposit

3

    G12

Cash margin requirement

3

    G13

Advance payment of customs duties

3

    G14

Refundable deposits for sensitive product categories

3

    G19

Advance payment requirements n.e.s.

2

    G2

Multiple exchange rates

2

    G3

Regulation on official foreign exchange allocation

3

    G31

Prohibition of foreign exchange allocation

3

    G32

Bank authorization

3

    G33

Licence linked with non-official foreign exchange

4

    G331

External foreign exchange

4

    G332

Importers' own foreign exchange

4

    G339

Licence linked with non-official foreign exchange, n.e.s.

3

    G39

Regulation on official foreign exchange allocation, n.e.s.

2

    G4

Regulations concerning terms of payment for imports

2

    G9

Finance measures n.e.s.

1

    H

Anti-competitive measures

2

    H1

Restrictive import channel

3

    H11

State trading administration, for importing

3

    H12

Sole importing agency

3

    H13

Importation reserved for selected importers

3

    H19

Single channel for imports, n.e.s.

2

    H2

Compulsory national service

3

    H21

Compulsory national insurance

3

    H22

Compulsory national transport

3

    H29

Compulsory national service, n.e.s.

2

    H9

Anti-competitive measures, n.e.s.

1

    I

Trade-related investment measures

2

    I1

Local content measures

2

    I2

Trade balancing measures

2

    I9

Trade-related investment measures, n.e.s

1

    J

Distribution restrictions

2

    J1

Geographical restriction

2

    J2

Restriction on resellers

1

    K

Restriction on post-sales services

1

    L

Subsidies (excluding export subsidies under P700)

1

    M

Government procurement restrictions

1

    N

Intellectual property

1

    O

Rules of origin

1

    P

Export related measures

2

    P1

Export license, quota, prohibition and other quantitative restriction

3

    P11

Export Prohibition

3

    P12

Export quotas

3

    P13

Licensing or permit requirements to export

3

    P14

Export Registration requirements

3

    P19

Export quantitative restrictions, n.e.s.

2

    P2

State trading administration

2

    P3

Export price control measures

2

    P4

Measures on Re-Export

2

    P5

Export taxes and charges

2

    P6

Export technical measures

3

    P61

Inspection requirement

3

    P62

Certification required by the exporting country

3

    P69

Export technical measures, n.e.s.

2

    P7

Export subsidies

2

    P9

Export measures n.e.s.



TRAINS - Historical Non-Tariff Measures



Code

Measure

Example

3

Price Control

minimum import price

4

Finance

Advance payment of customs duties

5

Licensing

Prior surveillance

6

Quantity controls

Seasonal quotas

7

Monopolistic

Sole importing agency

8

Technical

Packaging requirement

For a complete list of codes, see Codification of Trade Control Measures.


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The World Bank, 2010